in this paper a linear fuzzy fredholm integral equation(ffie) with arbitrary fuzzy function input and symmetric triangular (fuzzy interval) output is considered. for each variable, output is the nearest triangular fuzzy number (fuzzy interval) to the exact fuzzy solution of (ffie).

Several models for handling vague and imprecise information in decision situations have been suggested. In those contexts, various interval methods have prevailed, i.e. methods based on interval estimates of probabilities and, in some cases, interval utility estimates. Even if these approaches in general are well founded, little has been done for demonstrating whether the approaches are compreh...

The purpose of this paper is to obtain the tracking interval for difference of expected Kullback-Leibler risks of two models under Type II hybrid censoring scheme. This interval helps us to evaluate proposed models in comparison with each other. We drive a statistic which tracks the difference of expected Kullback–Leibler risks between maximum likelihood estimators of the distribution in two diff...

The spatial overlap of multiple ecological disturbances in close succession has the capacity to alter trajectories ecosystem recovery. Widespread bark beetle outbreaks and wildfire have affected many forests western North America past two decades areas important habitat for native ungulates. Bark prior fire may deplete seed supply host species, differences fire-related regeneration strategies a...

Interval availability is a dependability measure defined by the fraction of time during which a system is in operation over a finite observation period. The system is assumed to be modeled by a finite Markov process. Because the computation of the distribution of this random variable is very expensive, it is common to compute only its expectation. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm to co...

In this paper, an improvement of the nearest trapezoidal approximation operator preserving the expected interval is studied, which is proposed by Grzegorzewski and Mrówka. A formula for computing the improved approximation is presented. Moreover, the nearest triangular approximation operator preserving the expected interval is also investigated. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Most existing decision-theoretic planners represent uncertainty about the state of the world with a precisely specified probability distribution over world states. This representation is not expressive enough to model many interesting classes of practical planning problems, and renders inapplicable some abstractionbaaed planning approaches. In this paper we propose aa a remedy a more general wo...

This paper demonstrates that second-order calculations add information about expected utilities when modeling imprecise information in decision models as intervals and employing the principle of maximizing the expected utility. Furthermore, due to the resulting warp in the distribution of belief over the intervals of expected utilities, the conservative Γmaximin decision rule seems to be unnece...